Class of
Medication |
Comments |
Teratogenicity |
Effects on Newborn from Exposure During Pregnancy |
Found in breastmilk |
| Antidepressants |
There is inconclusive data on
whether the rate of miscarriages is increased with antidepressants.
MAOI's and buproprion have not been studied widely in humans |
Not established |
 | For tricyclic antidepressants, effects on newborn can
include drowsiness and difficulty urinating |
| For serotonin type antidepressants effects on newborn
can include restlessness and difficulty sleeping |
|
Yes |
| Antipsychotics |
Antipsychotics may be preferred over
lithium for bipolar patients during the first trimester. The lowest
possible dose is recommended |
Not suspected |
| Low motor activity |
|
Yes |
Anticonvulsants
(valproic acid &
carbamazepine |
|
All are known or suspected to
be teratogens (producing fetal malformations) |
| suspected risk of spinal bifida |
|
Yes |
| Lithium |
Historically, lithium use has
not been advised during pregnancy. However, your doctor might
consider lithium safer than anticonvulsants in the second and third
trimester - with very close monitoring |
Known |
| possible malformation of the heart valve |
|
Yes - to a high degree |
| Benzodiazepines |
Avoid in first trimester |
Some are known teratogens |
| Low motor activity and drowsiness |
| Possible drug withdrawal |
|
Yes |
